General Articles Right About Right Glossary

Article © Amanda Parker, uploaded July 26, 2010.

AcidityThe amount of acid present in a solution, often expressed in terms of pH.More...
AcidosisLow pH in the blood of a fish (or other animal). May be caused by a sudden drop in aquarium pH (see pH Crash). Can be fatal.More...
AcousticRelating to the sense of sound and/or vibration.More...
Adhesive SpawnerA species that lays eggs that stick to a surface.More...
Adipose FinA fin on the dorsal surface that is located between the dorsal fin and the caudal fin. The adipose fin is composed of fatty tissue and (rarely) a leading hard ray or a few soft rays as seen in some catfishes such as most Callichthyidae, Loricariidae and the Indian Whiptail catfish, Sisor (Sisoridae).More...
AdultA fish capable of reproducing successfully.More...
AerationThe process of passing air through water to exchange gasses. In an aquarium, this may be done withan airpump and airstone or a powerhead.More...
AerobicLife requiring free oxygen.More...
aff.Literally means "affinis." An animal appears related but is different.More...
Agressive mimicryA form of similarity in which a preadator gains an advantage by taking a resemblance to its prey or a resemblance to a species which its prey does not find a threat. eg.some lepidophage(scale eating)fish do this to get close to their prey.More...
Alarm SubstanceAlso called Schreckstoff. A compound unique to a group of fishes known as the Ostariophysi (which includes Catfishes).When the skin of an Ostariophysan is damaged, special cells rupture and release Alarm Substance, warningother members of the shoal of imminent danger.More...
AlbinoAn animal lacking pigmentation causing the animal to appear white. A true albino has red eyes.More...
Alimentary CanalThe complete digestive tract from mouth to anus.More...
AlkalosisHigh pH in the blood of a fish (or other animal). Generally caused by a sudden move from water oflow pH to high pH without an acclimitization process.More...
AlleleAlternative forms of genes. Example: For the gene controlling pigmentation, there are two forms: normallypigmented and albino. Also see gene.More...
AmelanismAn animal lacking black pigment. Yellow and red pigments are present. This animal is nota "true" Albino. Also see Leucism and Xanthism.More...
AmmoniaNH3/NH4 ions. Ammonia is the first stage of the breakdown of fish waste, food and plant matter inwater. The odor is very strong and distinctive. Can be converted to nitrite by "good bacteria." See also Nitrogen cycle.More...
AnadromousFish who spend their lives in the ocean and migrate to freshwater when it is time to spawn.More...
AnaerobicLife that does not require free oxygen.More...
AnalagousA structure that resembles another structure in function, but not in form.More...
AnastamosisThe joining of multiple structures into a single network. May apply to anatomy (blood vessels) andgeography (rivers). Plural: Anastamoses.More...
AnoxiaA lack of free oxygen.More...
AnteriorToward the front.More...
AnthropogenicRelating to the impact(usually negative) of humans on an environment.More...
AnthropomorphicGiving human attributes to animals. Example: Bugs Bunny is able to walk like a human being. This isthe Anthropomorphization of an animal.More...
AquariumAn enclosure, such as a glass tank, outfitted with lifesupport equipment for the purpose ofkeeping underwater animals and plants alive.More...
ArmouredA fish having a protective outer covering such as Scutes, Bony Plates and/or Scales.More...
AufwuchsLiterally meaning "growth" in German. Non-burrowing organisms that grow on the substrateforming a coating of detritus.More...
AxanthicAn animal lacking yellow pigmentation. The animal will be entirely black.More...
AxillaryFrom the latin axilla meaning armpit or underarmMore...
BackwaterA quiet pool off of a stream.More...
BarbelsThreadlike projections that extend from the corners of the mouth or beneath the chinof catfish. Sometimes called "whiskers." Barbels are covered with taste buds.More...
Batesian mimicrySimilar bright colors or patterns being used as a warning system between unrelated animals but one or more may not be noxious animals.More...
BenthicLiving at the bottom of a lake, river or ocean.More...
BenthopelagicCapable of living near the bottom, middle and/or upper levels of a lake, river or ocean.More...
BifurcatedForked or divided in two parts. Some catfishes have a Bifurcated caudal fin.More...
BiodiversityThe sum total of all living things in an ecosystem.More...
BiofilmA mix of microorganisms whose cells are adhered to each other on surfaces of the aquarium.More...
BioloadThe demand on lifesupport systems created by aquarium occupants. The more fish there are in an aquarium,the greater the Bioload.More...
BioregionA geographical area described in terms of its unique combination of plants, animals, geology, climate and water features, an area defined by natural boundaries and distinct living communities rather than artificial borders. Sometimes called an Ecoregion.More...
BiotopeA portion of an ecosystem with specific conditions and life forms. An aquarium may be setup to reflect a specific Biotope, such as a river from a particular region.More...
BlackwaterA type of soft, tropical water that supports unique plants and animals. Blackwater occurs when tannic acids fromnearby vegetation seep into the water. In an aquarium, bogwood and additives may help acheive this effect.More...
BogwoodWaterlogged wood used for the aquarium. More safely bought at an aquatic retailer, but can be collected from rivers or lakes. Will often leach tannic acid into the aquarium water which can be desirable for certain species, but makes the water appear tea-like.More...
BrackishWater that has some salt added. This occurs in nature, for example in tidal estuariesMore...
BranchialOf the gills.More...
BreedingThe measures required for a male and female from a certain species to produce offspring.More...
Brine ShrimpArtemia salina. A common fish food.More...
BroodA group of offspring that arises from a clutch of eggs.More...
BubblenestA nest for females to lay eggs in, built by one or both parents, from secretions and air.More...
BuccalOf the mouth and/or cheeks.More...
BuoyancyThe ability to float.More...
BycatchThe accidental capture of species "X" during the targeted capture of species "Y."More...
CarnivoreA species which will primarily eat meat based foods.More...
CasqueHelmet-shaped.More...
CatadromousFish who spend their lives in freshwater and migrate to the ocean when it is time to spawn.More...
CaudalOf the tail.More...
Caudal FinThe tail fin.More...
Caudal PeduncleThe base of the tail which acts as a "wrist."More...
Cave SpawnerA species that lays eggs in a cave.More...
cf.Literally means "confer." An animal appears similar to an identified species, but without certainty or confirmation.More...
ChannelThe main part of a river.More...
ChelationA chemical method of binding metals such as iron for use in plant fertilization.More...
ChloramineA chemical compound commonly added to the domestic water supply as a disinfectant. Chloramineis a combination of ammonia and clorine and is more potent than chlorine alone.Many dechlorinators will also remove Chloramine(make sure to check the label).More...
ChlorineA chemical commonly added to the domestic water supply as a disinfectant. Chlorine acts as an irritant onfish and also kills "good bacteria." Aerate the water for 24 hours or use a dechlorinating agent to removeit from the water.More...
CITESAn abbreviation for Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna.An agreement among governments to restrict trade in species that are endangered and threatened.More...
CLOFFSCA"Checklist of Freshwater Fish in South and Central America." A book listing the species found infreshwater in South and Central America, with brief reference to original description, synonyms, distributionand maximum size. The data in this book can also be found in Fishbase.More...
ClutchA group of eggs laid in the same place at the same time. Many catfishes lay their eggs in clutches.More...
COFCatalog of Fishes. A list of all species of fish which can be found on-line here.More...
Commercial ExtinctionA food fish no longer common enough to be profitable.More...
Common NameThe vernacular name for a species. Common Names may vary by location and/or language and often cause confusion.Different species can have the same Common Name and one species can have several Common Names.More...
Community FishFish that will live with other species of fish and not cause eitherthemselves or their tankmates any trouble. Also can imply the fish will adapt to abroad range of water conditions, although this should not be assumed.More...
CompatibilityThe ability of a species to live with others.More...
CompressedFlattened from side to side.More...
ConcaveCurved inward.More...
ConditionTo prepare fish for spawning. Example: by feeding particularly nutritious foods.More...
ConductivityLiterally, the measure of electricity through water. For aquarists, this translates into a measurement of which ionssuch as calcium, hydrogen, sodium, etc. may be present in the water. A very high level of Conductivity couldindicate either polluted water or water with too many additives(i.e. plant fertilizers or food). Water withvery low Conductivity may be achieved through reverse osmosis filtration, deionization or distillation.Conductivity is measured by electronic meter, using units called microSeimens. Similar to TDS.More...
CongenerOne or more species belonging to the same genus.More...
ConsanguinityRelationship by blood or by a common ancestor. (from the Latin consanguinitas)More...
ConspecificBelonging to the same species. More...
ContaminantA fishkeeping term in which species "X" in found in a shipment of species "Y." This could be due to Bycatch, ordeliberate/accidental mixing by the fisherman/exporters/importers.More...
ConvexCurved outward.More...
Cool LinksOfframps of interest on the information superhighway.More...
CoprophagyCoprophagy refers to many kinds of feces eating, including eating feces of other species (heterospecifics), of other individuals (allocoprophagy), or its own (autocoprophagy) ??? those once deposited or taken directly from the anus.More...
Cordiformheart-shapedMore...
CourtshipRitualistic behaviors that occur prior to spawning.More...
CrepuscularA species which is normally active in the half light of dusk and dawn.More...
CrustaceansA mainly aquatic group of animals that has a hard outer skeleton for protection. Included inthis group are shrimp, lobster, crab and barnacles.More...
CyanobacteriaSmall and usually unicellular bacteria that are aquatic and photosynthetic. Distinction of having the oldest known fossil records.More...
CyclopsA type of copepod rangeing in size from 1-3 mm., often used live or frozen as fish food. Called a Cyclops because of the single eye spot.More...
DaphniaA type of water flea which is used as a fish food.More...
DeionizationA process where water is filtered through ion-exchange resins.More...
DentitionThe arrangement of teeth.More...
DepressedFlattened from top to bottom.More...
DetritusAlso called mulm. Uneaten food, dead plant matter and faeces which accumulates at the bottom ofa fish tank. Detritus is full of nutrients and promotes the growth of unwanted algae.More...
DimorphicHaving two or more forms. Often, male and female catfish of the same species are quite distinct in appearance.Such species are said to be sexually dimorphic.More...
DistalAway from a point of reference, usually the center of the body. Opposite: proximal.More...
Distilled WaterWater with nothing in it except dissolved gasses. This is the purest type of filtered water.More...
DistributionAn indication of how widespread or abundant a species is.More...
Dither FishA fish or group of fish added to a tank that help other tank occupants feel safe and come out of hiding.More...
DiurnalHappening during the day, or daily.More...
DorsalOf the back.More...
DorsumWith fish this refers to the upper side of the head or body.More...
EarthwormCommon Earthworms are sometimes used as a fish food.More...
EcoregionA geographical area described in terms of its unique combination of plants, animals, geology, climate and water features, an area defined by natural boundaries and distinct living communities rather than artificial borders. Sometimes called a Bioregion.More...
EctothermA species whose body temperature is determined by its surroundings, i.e. "cold-blooded."More...
Electrogenic OrganAn organ present in some fishes that generates an electrical current to locate food and/or prey.More...
Electroreceptive OrganAn organ present in some fishes that allows for "listening" to electrical signals.More...
EmarginateSlightly indented.More...
Endangered SpeciesAn animal or plant that is very close to extinction.More...
EndemicA species restricted or contained in a specific area.More...
EpibenthicLiving on the surface of the bottom in a body of water.More...
EpiphyticPlants (bolbitis, Anubias, Java Fern, etc.) that are not inserted in a substrate but are attached to surfaces.More...
ErectileUsed to describe spines that can be raised and often locked into place.More...
EstuaryA type of ecosystem that occurs when a river runs into the ocean. An Estuary will have variablesaline levels.More...
EtymologyThe origin or meaning of a word.More...
EuryhalineLife capable of tolerating a wide range of salinities.More...
EuthanasiaThe practice of ending a life in a manner which relieves pain and suffering.More...
EvaporationConversion from a liquid state to a gaseous state.More...
Evaporative ConcentrationThe process where dissolved substances become stronger when water evaporates. Example: Betweenwater changes in an aquarium, water will evaporate causing waste products (nitrites, nitrates, etc.)to become more intense. This is called Evaporative Concentration.More...
EvertibleThe ability to turn inside-out.More...
EvolutionThe historical development of species, in which genetic traits may be transferred over generations vianatural selection.More...
F0An original set of parents in a breeding program. May also refer to a wild-caught fish kept in captivity.More...
F1The first filial generation. May also refer to the first children of a particular set of wild-caught parents (F0).All children of the F0 parents will be considered F1.More...
F2The second filial generation. May also refer to the "grandchildren" of a particular set of wild-caught parents (F0).All "grandchildren" of the F0 parents will be considered F2.More...
FalcateSickle-shaped, curved and tapering to a point.More...
FamilyA taxonomic grouping between Order and Genus. A group of related Genera.More...
FecundA species with a high reproductive rate.More...
FecundityThe potential rate of reproduction of a species.More...
FeedingAdvice on what this species eats. See Carnivore,Limnivore and Omnivore.More...
FertilizationThe process where a female reproductive cell and a male reproductive cell successfully join to form offspring.More...
FilamentousHaving thin, thread-like projections.More...
FilterAny device that maintains water quality. The common types are power (or hang-on-back),canister and internal. For more information, see this article.More...
FinfoldA "full-body" fin in a larval fish that will develop into the the dorsal, caudal and anal fins of an adult fish.More...
FishBaseUniversal computerized databases of fishes available here.More...
Fishless cyclingCycling is the procedure where an aquarium, and in particular it's filtration system, builds up "beneficial/good bacteria". The fishless part refers to using a source of ammonia other than fish, to avoid the fish being exposed to ammonia and nitrite levels unnecessarily. See also Nitrogen cycle.More...
FlashingWhen a fish "scratches" on objects in the aquarium. This may be due to an irritation, such as an external parasite.More...
FluviatileExisting in or about rivers or streams.More...
Fork Lengthabbr. FL The distance from the tip of the snout to the fork of the tail.More...
Fractional SpawnerEggs are released a few at a time over a number of days as opposed to all at once.More...
FreshwaterCharacterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids as opposed to seawater and brackish water. Also sometimes called "sweet water".More...
FryAnother term for a larvae or juvenile fish.More...
FurnitureThe way to decorate a tank. Also see Bogwood and Substrate.More...
FusiformTapered on both ends. Cigar-shaped.More...
GeneA region of DNA that determines a trait of an organism. There are two copies of each gene in an organism.One is inherited from the mother. The other is inherited from the father. Also see allele.More...
GeneraPlural of Genus.More...
General RemarksNotes of interest on a species.More...
Genital PapillaIn some fishes, a tube extending from the genital pore, behind the anus.More...
GenusA taxonomic grouping between Family and Species. A group of related Species.More...
GestationThe time between fertilization and hatching.More...
GFCIAn abbreviation for "Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter." A type of electrical outlet that opens the circuit whenexcess amperage is detected. A safety device more commonly used in the United States and installed inindividual electrical outlets. Also see RCD.More...
GHAn abbreviation for Gesamthärte, literally meaning "Total Hardness" in German. A laboratory standard formeasuring the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in water.More...
GillsRespiratory organs of fish.More...
GlandAn organ in the body that synthesizes a substance.More...
GonadsReproductive organs. Ovaries in females. Testes in males.More...
GonopodiumThe modified anal fin of a Livebearer male used to deliver sperm to the female's vent.More...
GPDGallons per day.More...
GravidReferring to a female full with eggs.More...
GrazingMethod of feeding in which a fish feeds on the biofilm which grows on surfaces in the water.More...
Green waterSuspended microscopic algae giving an overall green appearance to a container of water.More...
GustatoryRelating to the sense of taste.More...
HabitatWhere a species lives.More...
HardnessThe amount of calcium and magnesium ions in water. May be measured in ppm (parts per million)or mg/l (milligrams per liter). Hard water has more than 200 ppm. Soft water has less than 100 ppm.More...
Head LengthAbbr. HL. The distance from the tip of the snout to the end of the operculum.More...
HerbivoreA species which will primarily eat vegetable based foods. Herbivores may also eat small amounts of meat based food.More...
HeterospecificFrom a different species.More...
HierarchySocial structure within a group of fishes.More...
HitsA simple counter of how often a particular data sheet, image or article has been viewed.More...
HolotypeThe single specimen (or part of a specimen in the case of fossil taxa) designatedas the name-bearing type of the species.More...
HomologousA structure that resembles another structure in form, but not in function.More...
Hospital TankAlso called a Quarantine Tank. A tank set up to hold fish that need medical treatment and/or isolation.More...
HusbandrySeeing to the overall care and welfare of an animal.More...
HyalineIn ichthyology the term usage denotes a type of colorless, transparent substance.More...
HybridOffspring who have two distinctly different species as parents.More...
HybridogenesisIt occurs in some animals that are hybrids between species.More...
HydraA genus of simple fresh-water, predatory animals possessing radial symmetry belonging to the phylum Cnidaria and the class Hydrozoa.More...
HyperoxiaThe actual oxygen concentration is higher than the oxygen concentration of water fully equilibrated with air.More...
HypogeanLiving or occurring under the earth's surface.More...
HypoxiaThe actual oxygen concentration is lower than the oxygen concentration of water fully equilibrated with air.More...
IchthyologyThe scientific study of fishes.More...
IchthyotoxicPoisonous to fish.More...
ICZNAn abbreviation for "International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature." The governing body that sets thestandards for naming plants and animals. The standards may be found here.More...
IdentificationWhat to look for when trying to find out what type of species you are looking at.More...
ImmunityThe ability of an organism to overcome a pathogen.More...
InbreedingWhen close relatives mate. Examples: A mother with a son. A father with a daughter. A brother with a sister.This is generally considered bad breeding practice as it reduces genetic variability and increases the risk ofdeformities. Inbreeding may be used to create specific traits, such as long fins or color morphs (albinos).More...
IndigenousNative, but not endemic. Also see Native and Endemic.More...
InferiorDirected downward. In Icthyology, also refers to a mouth directed downward.More...
InfusoriaMiscellaneous microorganisms found in detritus. When properly cultured, Infusoria make an excellent fry food.More...
InorganicA chemical compound which is not carbon-hydrogen based.More...
InsectivoreSpecies that eats insects as its main diet.More...
InteropercleOne of a series of bones which makes up the Operculum.More...
IntroducedDescribing a species that humans have released into a particular area.More...
InvasiveAn introduced species of plant or animal that causes damage to an ecosystem.More...
InvertebrateAn animal without a backbone.More...
IUCNInternational Union for Conservation of Nature. An organisation started in 1948 to support and coordinate conservation efforts all over the world. In particular, they publish a list of species showing how endangered they are in the IUCN Red List.More...
IUCN Red ListA list from IUCN of species and their status from a conservation perspective, ranging from Least Concern to Extinct. The list is searchable on http://www.iucnredlist.org/. The IUCN red list is the basis for the CITES trading restrictions.More...
Junior SynonymThe later established of two synonyms. A Senior Synonym has priority over a Junior Synonym.More...
JuvenileThe post-larval stage of a fish where much differentiation and change occurs.More...
KeelA narrow, hard ridge.More...
KHAn abbreviation for Karbonathärte, literally meaning "Carbonate Hardness" in German. A laboratory standard formeasuring the concentration of calcium and magnesium carbonates in water.More...
KrillThe common name given to the order Euphausiacea of shrimp-like marine crustaceans and available frozen as aquarium fish food.More...
Labyrinth OrganAlso called Accessory Breathing Organ. A lung-like apparatus found in certain fishes which allows them to breath air.More...
LacustrineOf lakes.More...
LarvaThe state a fish after it has hatched but before it is free-swimming.More...
LateralOf the side(s).More...
Lateral LineA sensory canal (which branches into pores) that runs through the body of a fish. The lateral linecan vary in length depending on the species. The lateral line is very important in detecting changes in pressure.More...
LectotypeA name-bearing type designated from a syntype series. This is done if the syntypesconsist of more than one species and the identity of the species in question needsto be fixed. A lectotype has the same status as a holotype/neotype. The rest of the syntype seriesbecome paralectotypes and have no name-bearing status.More...
LenticOf still inland waters. Examples: swamps, ponds and lakes.More...
LepidophageA specialized feeding behaviour where a fish feeds exclusively on, or at least primarily, fish scales.More...
LeucismAn animal with white pigmentation, but normal eye color. This animal is not a "true" Albino.Also see Amelanism, Axanthic and Xanthism.More...
LFSAbbreviation for Local Fish Store.More...
LimnivoreLiterally eating "mud-based" foods. Fish that feed on Aufwuchs or biofilm. Examples of Limnivores includeAncistrus, Baryancistrus, Chaetostoma and Hypostomus species.More...
LipbrooderA fish that "sits" on fertilized eggs with its mouth as a form of parental care. A Lipbrooder willcarry the clutch of eggs with him until they are ready to hatch. Example: Loricaria spp.More...
LoticOf running water. Examples: Rivers, streams and creeks.More...
LunateCrescent-shaped.More...
LutinoAn animal lacking black pigment. Yellow and red pigments are present. This animal has red eyes. Also see Albino , Leucism and Xanthism.More...
MandibleThe lower jaw.More...
MaxillaThe upper jaw.More...
Maxillary BarbelsBarbels on the upper jaw.More...
MelaninPigment (brown or black) found in skin or hair.More...
MelanismAn overload of melanin causing an animal to become completely dark.More...
Mental BarbelsBarbels on the chin.More...
MeristicsCountable traits that can be used to describe a particular species of fish, or used to identify an unknown species.More...
Metabolic RateThe speed at which an organism converts food into energy and waste.More...
MetabolismThe biochemical process in which an organism converts food into energy and waste.More...
MiltFish sperm.More...
MimicryThe ability of a species to imitate another's behavior or appearance. Some species may imitate an inanimateobject, such as a leaf or a branch to blend in with the background and avoid predation.More...
MonophyleticHaving a single common ancestor.More...
MonotypicReferring to a genus or family that contains a single species.More...
MorphA variation or a different form. Example: longer fins or a different color on the same species.More...
MorphologyThe scientific study of the structure and form of organisms.More...
MouthbrooderA fish that carries the eggs and sometimes the larvae in its mouth. The eggs may be carried by the femaleor the male, depending on the species. Phyllonemus typus from Lake Tanganyika is uniques among catfishes in thatthe parents share Mouthbrooding responsibilities. With Arius graeffei from the South Pacific, the malecan carry up to 120 eggs in his mouth for 6 to 8 weeks.More...
MucusA protective layer that functions to protect against infectious agents such as fungi, bacteria and viruses.More...
Mullerian mimicrySimilar bright colors or patterns being used as a warning system between unrelated dangerous or noxious animals.More...
MulmFish wastes and other solid matter that accumulates in the aquarium.More...
NakedReferring to a fish without scales.More...
NapeThe area on the back between the head and the dorsal fin.More...
Nasal BarbelsBarbels on the nose.More...
NativeDescribing a species that occurs naturally in a particular area.More...
NecropsyAutopsy performed on an animal.More...
NecrosisThe death of cells in a part of the body.More...
NeotenyA condition where juvenile characteristics extend into adulthood.More...
NeotypeA name-bearing designation subsequent to the original description. Neotypes have the same statusas holotypes, and are designated to replace holotypes when they are lost and the identity ofthe species in question is in doubt.More...
NeutralWater which has a pH of 7.0 at a temperature of 20° Celsius. The point where the concentrationof an acid and an alkali are equal.More...
NitrateNO3 ions. Nitrate is the "final" stage of waste breakdown in water. It is mildly poisonousto fish but some will survive in water with levels as high as 100 ppm,although this is not recommended. (See Nitrogen cycle)More...
NitriteNO2 ions. Nitrite is VERY poisonous to fish since it prevents oxygen uptake, among other things. Afterammonia is broken down in the aquarium by "good bacteria," Nitrite is the byproduct(see ammonia).Nitrite can also be broken down further by "good bacteria."More...
Nitrogen cycleThe process where the fish waste in form of ammonia is converted to nitrite and then nitrate. This process takes place in the filter, with the help of beneficial bacteria.More...
NocturnalHappening during the night or nightly.More...
NomenclatureThe system of scientifically naming plants and animals.More...
Nominal TaxaA taxon which is denoted by an available name. Example: Homo Sapien.More...
NuchalOf the nape.More...
Nuchal ShieldA bony plate between the back of the head and the dorsal fin.More...
ObligateForced to do something to stay alive, i.e. obligate parasite cannot survive without a host.More...
OcellusColored marking on a fish that resembles an eye, plural is ocelli.More...
OdontodesBristlelike structures on the surface of certain catfishes. More...
Offsite ResourcesPlaces other than Planet Catfish with useful information on a certain species.More...
OlfactoryRelating to the sense of smell.More...
OmnivoreA species which will eat both vegetable and meat based foods.More...
OntogenyThe entire sequence of events involved in the development of an individual organism.More...
OocyteAn egg cell.More...
OophagyThe eating of eggs, usually (but not necessarily) as a major portion of an animal's diet.More...
Opercular spineSpine projecting from the operculum (gill cover).More...
OperculumA bony flap located behind the head, on each side of the body, which protects the gills.More...
OrganicA chemical compound which is carbon-hydrogen based.More...
OsmoregulationAn organism's ability to maintain the proper balance of water and salts.More...
Osmotic PressureThe force that moves water across a semi-permeable membrane.More...
OsteologyThe study of the structure and development of bones.More...
OstracodaA class of small crustaceans usually less than 1 millimeter in length. Also called seed shrimp.More...
Other ParametersAlso see General Remarks. May include water hardness, conductivity, water movement, seasonal variations andwater specific husbandry difficulties.More...
OtophysansThis group comprises much of the world's Freshwater fish diversity and includes carps, loaches,characins, electric (knife) fishes and catfishes. Also see Weberian Apparatus.More...
OutcrossingAdding new blood from an unrelated source. Outcrossing is used in conjunction with other inbreeding practices toto try to reduce the problems associated with less genetic diversity.More...
OviparousA fish which lays eggs that are fertilized, develop and hatch outside the body.More...
OxbowA "U"-shaped lake that occurs when a section of river, stream or tributary is cutoff from the main section and isolated. Also applies to a type of river thathas many "U"-shaped meanders in its course.More...
PaedomorphismThe retention of juvenile characteristics into adulthoodMore...
Paired FinsA term used to indicate the fins that come in pairs on a fish, i.e. the pectoral and ventral fins.More...
ParasiteOrganism that is living in another with no benefit to its host and is dependant on this host for survival.More...
ParatypeAdditional specimens used in the original description of a species. Strictly speaking, a paratype hasno name-bearing status (and is no different from any other specimen of that species).More...
ParthenogeneticA fish that reproduces without fertilization, the sperm induces development of the egg but there is no exchange of genes.More...
ParturationGiving birth.More...
PathogenVirus, bateria or other microorganism that causes disease or illness to its host.More...
PathognomonicCharacteristic or diagnostic of a specific disease.More...
PectoralOf the chest.More...
Pectoral GirdleA set of bones which supports the pectoral fin.More...
PelagicLiving at the middle and/or upper levels or a lake, river or ocean.More...
PelvicOf the pelvis or hip area.More...
PeriphytonMicroscopic plants and animals which attach and grow on substrate. Also see Aufwuchs.More...
pHLiterally pondus Hydrogeni. The measure of a liquid's acidity or alkalinity. pH is measured from 0.0 (very acidic) to 14.0(very alkaline) with 7.0 being neutral. This measurement is logarithmic, meaning any change is significant. A suddenchange in pH will cause a great deal of stress, or may even lead to the death of a fish.More...
pH CrashRapid lowering of pH in an aquarium due to lack of buffering capacity (see Hardness).More...
PhenotypeThe charactaristics of an organism based on genetic inheritance. Examples: In humans, eye-colour (blue or brown).In fish, long fins or short fins.More...
PhotoperiodThe amount of light in a day, either natural or artificial.More...
PhototaxisThe movement of an organism or a cell toward or away from a source of light.More...
PigmentationThe substance that gives a plant or animal its color.More...
PinnateFeather-like.More...
PiscivoreA species which eats exclusively or, at least primarily, fish.More...
PlanariaA flatworm that often sets up residence in an aquarium and is considered a nuisance.More...
PoreAn anatomical structure-a very small opening on the surface of the skinMore...
PosteriorToward the rear.More...
PotamodromousFish who migrate completely in freshwater to spawn.More...
PPBParts Per Billion.More...
PPMParts Per Million.More...
PPTParts Per Thousand.More...
PredatorAn animal that survives by capturing and eating other animals.More...
PronunciationThe correct way to say a word.More...
ProtrusibleA mouth that can be extended. Some catfishes have a Protrusible mouth to catch prey.More...
ProximalToward a point of reference, usually the center of the body. Opposite: distal.More...
PsammophileA sand-loving organismMore...
PsammophilousThe ability to inhabit sandy areas.More...
QuarantineCompulsory isolation, typically to contain the spread of something considered dangerous.More...
RayA rod-like support structure for the fin.More...
RCDResidual Current Device, a device that protects humans from current by isolating (breaking) the circuit, when there is a fault in the electrical circuit. See also GFCI.More...
ReferenceWhere the original description of the species was published. With this, a (scientific/university) library can find theoriginal discription. May also contain further reading on points raised in the page.More...
Registered KeeperThe "My Cats" registered keeper facility allows members of the forum to register that they own a particular species, and record how they are keeping the fish.More...
RespirationProcess of passing gaseous nutrients to the blood.More...
ReticulateForming a mesh-like pattern.More...
Reverse OsmosisAlso called RO Filtration. A method of filtration where the water is forced across a semi-permeablemembrane. The most common type of membrane is made of Thin Composite Film (TFC). Thismethod is between 94-99% effective in laboratory conditions. Cellulose Tri-Acetate (CTA) membranes are lesseffective and less common. Low water pressure and exceedingly poor water quality will reduce thelifespan of an RO membrane. The typical layout of a filter is a 1 or 5 micron pre-filter, followedby a carbon block pre-filter and then the RO membrane.More...
Revision(Taxonomy) To re-examine a species, genus or family to correct mistakes/inconsistancies and possiblymake changes to the status of described taxa.More...
RheophilicSpecies that love moving water.More...
RheotaxisResponse of an organism to face towards or sometimes away from a current of water.More...
Rictal BarbelsBarbels extending from the corner of the mouth.More...
RictusThe corner of the mouth.More...
RiffleA rocky part of a stream with fast-moving water.More...
Rift LakeA lake formed by volcanic activity which produces a split in the landscape. Over time, thisis then filled by rainwater and/or rivers producing a lake. Fish from Rift LakesTanganyika, Malawi and Victoria in Africa are commonly imported.More...
RiverineOf rivers.More...
RostrumSnout.More...
RugoseRough or wrinkled.More...
SaddleA patch of color that starts at the midline of the body and extends down the sides.More...
SalinityA measure of dissolved salts in water.More...
SchoolGenerally the same as schoal, but it is sometimes used to mean a closer shoal where all the fish havethe same orientation. Example: the fish forming patterns in the Disney/Pixar feature film Finding Nemo.Also more often associated with Marine fish rather than Freshwater varieties.More...
Scientific NameLatin-based nomenclature used by scientists to identify a species. A species may only have oneScientific Name to eliminate confusion.More...
ScutesBony plates on the surface of the skin. Unlike scales, scutes cannot be easily removed from the skin.More...
SeineA net used to encircle fish.More...
SemilunarHalf-moon shaped. Also see Lunate.More...
Senior SynonymThe earlier established of two or more synonyms. A Senior Synonym has priority over a Junior Synonym.More...
SerraeA row of small spines or recurved points along the pectoral or dorsal spine.More...
SessileTo be attached at the base. Also, a fish that is sedentary.More...
SexingHow to differentiate a male from a female of a certain species.More...
ShoalA group of fish, usually all of the same species, that swim together as a group.More...
SizeThe likely maximum length of a fish in SL. Normally, this is the largest formally recorded size of an individual, where data is less available, this is based on the largest seen. See Standard Length and Total Length.More...
SnoutThe nose area. Also see Rostrum.More...
sp.Abbreviation of Species in singular form (so only one species).More...
SpawningEggs and sperm released or deposited, usually into water, by aquatic animals.More...
SpeciesBasic unit of classification in taxonomy. One or more species that are considered to have the same evolutionary ancestor are grouped in the same Genus.More...
SpecioseUsually referring to a family or genus that has a large number of species.More...
SpineA hard ray.More...
SpineletA locking mechanism found at the base of the Dorsal Spine. It holds the Dorsal Fin erect.More...
spp.Plural of sp. Example: There are more than one dozen described Panaque spp.More...
Standard LengthAbbr. SL The distance from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail. To put it another way, the length of the fish excluding the caudal fin.More...
StripThe removal of eggs and sperm for artificial breeding also to remove eggs or young from the buccal cavity of mouthbrooding fish.More...
Sub-AdultA young fish similar in appearance to an adult, but not yet capable of reproducing.More...
SubcutaneousBeneath the skin.More...
SubstrateMaterial used to cover the aquarium floor. Examples: gravel or sand.More...
SubterminalA mouth position between inferior and terminal. A lot of catfishes have Subterminal mouths.More...
SuperiorDirected upwards. In Icthyology, also refers to a mouth that is directed upwards.More...
SupraoccipitalThe median bone at the upper end of the cranium.More...
SymbioticA mutually beneficial relationship between two different organisms.More...
SynonymIn general, another name for the same thing. In zoology, each of two (or more) different names forthe same taxon or taxonomic entity.More...
SyntypeMultiple specimens designated as name-bearing types. Each syntype has equal status as a name-bearingtype as its fellow syntypes.More...
T-PositionThe manner in which some Corydoradine catfishes breed. So named because the breeding pair look as ifthey are forming the letter "T." Also see More...
TankbusterA fish that grows too large for the average home aquarium.More...
TautonomyA taxonomic designation, such as Hara hara, in which the genus and species names are the same, commonly used in zoology but no longer in botany.More...
TaxonA group or groups of populations that are related. A Taxon has charactaristics which separate it fromother populations. Plural: TaxaMore...
TaxonomyThe theory and practice of classifying organisms.More...
TDSTotal Dissolved Solids. A way to calculate water quality by measuring organic and inorganicsubstances present. Total Dissolved Solids may be measured in the laboratory or, moreconveniently, by electronic meter, using mg/l(milligrams per liter). Similar to Conductivity.More...
TeleostA bony fish.More...
TemperatureThe range of warmth a species can tolerate, noted in both degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit.More...
TerminalLiterally an end. In Icthyology, also refers to a mouth directed forwards, i.e. at the tip of the Snout (rostrum).More...
TopotypeSpecimens collected from the type locality (where the holotype/syntypes were collected) subsequent tothe original description. Topotypes have no name-bearing status (although they are useful as potential neotypesshould the holotype be lost.)More...
Total LengthAbbr. TL The distance from the tip of the snout to the tip of the tail.More...
ToxinPoisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms.More...
TroglobiticA reference to any creature having a cave-dwelling mode of life.More...
TroglomorphicMorphological characters that are adaptions to living in the constant darkness of caves.More...
Trophic LevelA stage in the food chain a species occupies. Example: A big fish eats the small fish, which in turneats an even smaller fish.More...
TruncateWith a straight edge; square cut.More...
TuberculesSmall skin growths that appear on the head and sometimes body of sexually mature fish,normally the male.More...
TubifexTubificid worms may be used as fish food. They may be fed freeze-dried, frozen or live.Care must be taken when feeding live Tubifex Worms as they are notorious for carrying disease. If too many arereleased into the aquarium, they will establish themselves in the substrate and detrimentally impact water quality.More...
TurbidWater clouded by suspended particulate matter.More...
Type LocalityThe place where the Holotype specimen used to describe a species was found.More...
VentralOf the underside.More...
Ventral Fin BasketA clamping of the ventral fins by the female of some Corydoradine catfishes so that she may carryfertilized eggs. Also see T-Position.More...
VermiculationA wavy, worm-like or network pattern.More...
Villiform TeethFine, long teeth that are crowded together. This gives the appearance of a patch of velvet.More...
VomerThe bone on the palate, i.e. the "roof of the mouth."More...
Weberian ApparatusThe modified first four or five vertebrae that connect the dorsal wall of the swimbladderto the inner ear. This increases sensitivity to sound. The Weberian Apparatus is present in agroup called Otophysi.More...
XanthismAn animal which is yellow or golden in color. This may happen in nature or through selective breeding.More...
XylophagyA term used in ecology to describe the habits of an herbivorous animal whose diet consists primarily (often solely) of wood.More...
Yolk SacA pouch containing nutrients for a newly hatched larva.More...
ZoonosisA disease which can be transmitted from an animal to a human.More...

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