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Peppered Cory, Peppered Corydoras - Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842)
by Julian Dignall, uploaded March 01, 1999
Hardy is the first word that comes to mind when thinking of this fish. In fact you really have to go some to seriously harm these genteel catfish. They tolerate a wide range of water quality and temperatures often unwittingly imposed upon "first time" fish by enthusiasts new to the hobby. The second word that comes to mind is common; this fish is bred and exported by the hundreds of thousands from Florida and Far Eastern fish farms. It is difficult to find a tropical fish retailer that doesn't have these fish in stock most of the time; it follows that they are often an aquarist's first introduction to catfish. The availability of captive bred stock has ensured that wild-caught individuals are a sought-after rarity which don't look quite the same as the fish we are so used too seeing in aquaria.
In general the fish is easily identified and an albino variety is also available. However, the albino cory you see in shops is most usually the albino bronze cory, C. aeneus. Sometimes the more elongate Aspidoras species and young Scleromystax barbatus are confused with this fish by uninterested retailers, but rest assured that if you pick up any of these for the price of a peppered cory then you have done well! Also of note is that this fish can tolerate cool water and will live in most areas of the world in an unheated tank
The aquarium hobby is littered with little gems of information often attached to the most commonplace species. The peppered cory is a shining example of this, as it was first discovered by a young Charles Darwin when visiting Buenos Aires, part of his epic expedition aboard the Beagle in the mid 1830s. The species was later described by Jenyns in 1842.
Most likely, either this fish or the Bronze Cory (Corydoras aeneus), were the first Corydoras species spawned in aquaria, perhaps even the first catfish. This is mirrored by catfish or Corydoras breeders who also cite these fish amongst their first successes. Bronze and peppered Corys were also central to initial observation and recording of the classic corydoras spawning "T" position and environmental spawning triggers.
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Cat-eLog Data Sheet | |
|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) |
| Common Name(s) | Peppered Cory, Peppered Corydoras |
| Type Locality | South America, exact locality uncertain. |
| Synonym(s) | Callichthys paleatus, Corydoras maculatus, Corydoras marmoratus, Corydoras microcephalus, Silurus 7-radiatus, Silurus quadricostatus |
| Pronunciation | Kory DOOR ass - pal ee AH tuss |
| Etymology | Cory = helmet, doras = skin. In this case it was incorrectly used to mean armour (cuirasse) instead of skin in allusion to the dual rows of plates that run along the flanks of this genus. Latin palea = chaff (strips of metal foil) alluding to wild-caught specimens colouration. |
Species Information | |
| Size | 70mm (2.8") SL. Find near, nearer or same sized spp. |
| Identification | Corydoras are identified by their twin rows of armour plates along the flanks and by having fewer than 10 dorsal fin rays. They are most commonly confused with the other genera in the sub-family, namely Brochis, Scleromystax and Aspidoras. Normally coloured adults are easily identified but young can be confused with some other Corydoras (such as C. barbatus and the like) or even young Aspidoras. Wild caught individuals look quite different from farm raised fish commonly encountered for sale. Wild fish have a higher contrast pattern, the pigmentation shimmers like foil in natural sunlight. An albino variety is uncommonly available. These can be readily recognised by having a small pink patch on the back, just in front of the dorsal fin. Other commonly available albino congeners don't have this pink patch and consequently appear uniform white or lightly yellowish. In good light also a subtle pattern of iridescent reflections on the flanks are visible. The light reflects in a way that shows the normal pigmentation, but this is rarely visible in unless this fish is very settled. |
| Sexing | Females more plump with rounded ventral fins and shorter pectoral and dorsal spines. |
Habitat Information | |
| Distribution | Widely distributed from Southern Brazil, through Uruguay south to Northern Argentina La Plata, Uruguay (click on these areas to find other species found there) La Plata, Paraná, Lower Paraná (click on these areas to find other species found there) |
| pH | 6.0 - 7.5 |
| Temperature | 15.0-25.0°C or 59-77°F (Show others within this range) |
| Other Parameters | Wild caught specimens require cooler, bright water. |
Husbandry Information | |
| Feeding | Flake foods, sinking tablets, live or frozen brineshrimp are all eagerly taken. Bloodworm are particularly relished. Tubifex, white and blackworm are also taken but care should be taken when feeding tubifex as it can easily foul the water. |
| Furniture | Well rounded gravel, sand or leaf-litter as a substrate will ensure proper barbel growth, which is essential before attempting reproduction. Some large leafed plants are used for cover although this fish is active through the day. |
| Compatibility | Peaceful. The commonly available farm raised stock that you encounter in virtually all aquatic shops are an ideal first catfish for the beginner's community tank. |
| Suggested Tankmates | Other peppered corys! Suits a tank with community fish that enjoy a slightly cooler tropical tank. Not a fish for the discus tank, although hardy enough to stand high temperature for a while, it doesn't help the longevity of the fish. |
| Breeding | It is considered that wild-caught C. paleatus are harder to breed than their tank-raised cousins. The latter commonly spawn in the community aquarium but a breeding tank of as little as 5 gallons will suffice and allow the fry to develop safely. A female and two males is the bare minimum, but more males can be added and some breeders actively recommend this. A period of ''fattening up'' achieved by feeding frozen or live foods followed by both a sharp drop of temperature and influx of fresh water should induce spawning.The female is shown here just prior to egg release. These eggs are held together in a clutch formed by the female's pelvic fins. How the actual fertilization of the eggs takes place is a matter of great debate amongst Corydoras breeders. Either the sperm is released in the water (possibly which the female wafts down the length of her body) and reaches the eggs OR the female ingests the sperm and somehow this passes through her body and is released over the eggs. This internal route is possibly a by-product of the mechanism that allows Corydoras to ''breathe'' air and dissolve it into the bloodstream in the lower gut. Detractors of the latter theory state that the female's mouth is clamped shut in gripping the male or is clamped to the body of the male by his pelvic fins! Whatever the route, it works. The female swims away and deftly ''lays'' the eggs, usually on the aquarium glass, but occasionally on broadleaf plants. Rearing is as for Corydoras similis. |
Further Information | |
| References | Fish, Voyage Beagle - pp113 |
| Registered Keepers | (1) kcmt01, (2) synoguy (k: 4), (3) natefrog, (4) mummymonkey (k: 6), (5) bronzefry (k: 19), (6) boyneburn (k: 12), (7) AngryA (p: 2), (8) ali12345 (k: 3), (9) Promod, (10) madattiver (k: 8), (11) hoplo (k: 640), who also notes: "Also got 25 Albino peppereds.
Another cory we can not stop spawning
Peppered last spawn 6/5/08
Albino last spawn 30/7/08", (12) keanock, (13) Lornek8, (14) hellocatfish, (15) amergim, (16) Sandtiger (k: 2), (17) Coryologist, (18) saphphx (k: 2), (19) LookVideos, (20) cats4me, (21) CatBrat, (22) Yan, (23) Wiziwizz, (24) dr_evil_01 (k: 3), who also notes: "The Juvenile is one of the offspring..!!", (25) chrismarkham1982, (26) Barracuda518 (k: 6), (27) harryprog (p: 2, k: 15), (28) deathjelly (k: 10), who also notes: "Spawned May 7 2007.
Spawned June 2 2007.
5 known fry.
10 gal, 75F", (29) cymrucat (k: 4), who also notes: "I now have 4, one is a beautiful ultra long finned male so realy hoping I can find him partner", (30) FuglyDragon (k: 2), who also notes: "Good breeding pair, regular spawns", (31) Richie Hell, (32) Redcatman (k: 3), who also notes: "I live in a soft water area. The only water quality parameter measured regularly is pH which is kept between 6.5 and 7.0. Ammonia and nitrite are usually zero when I do occasionally measure it. Nitrate controlled by parial water changes every 2-3 weeks. The tank is filtered using an old (40 years!)Eheim external filter which has been in continuous use since it was purchased. Contains various Eheim filter materials also bought 40 years ago. Only material replaced is a layer of filter wool. Filter is cleaned out when water flow drops which is usually every 2-3 months.", (33) Cicolid, (34) loafingloach, (35) Chi-Chi (p: 3), (36) Bowyer (p: 2, k: 4), who also notes: "2 albino's", (37) Igowoof, (38) Keithj (k: 6), who also notes: "Kept at 70F/21C, GH10, KH3, pH 6.8. Spawn weekly one to two days after a cool-water change. Eggs always grouped on the glass where a filter return impacts. Do not spawn without a strong current available.", (39) smithrc, (40) Monkeh (p: 2), (41) Threefingers, who also notes: "Really stupid beginners mistakes (from the era when I went by lfs advice), I bought a young one to go with a few mixed corydoras species in a subtropical goldfish tank. Did surprisingly well, until a large common goldfish tried to try eat the poor", (42) bony plates (k: 2), (43) foffo (k: 21), (44) Redfish (k: 6), (45) bang (k: 2), (46) PepperedGary, (47) Bas Pels (k: 7), who also notes: "Collected at Arroyo Aquas Blancas, Canelones, Uruguay", (48) Revol (k: 2), (49) anthony mcdonald (k: 13), (50) NEONCORY (k: 12), (51) Plecofanatic1989 (k: 3), (52) Helmut, (53) DutchFry, (54) notv19, (55) Lydia, (56) Invader_Kitty, (57) Selveste_Preben (k: 9), (58) denis (k: 4), (59) bslindgren (k: 10), who also notes: "Couldn't figure out why I was having such a hard time with these. Lovely fish, but not tolerant of high temperatures (I kept the tank at 28 C). Only learned this after joining Planet catfish!", (60) jollysue (k: 30), who also notes: "12+ albino long fin
10+ regular long fin
10+ regular", (61) Cory Lover 1, (62) Snowy (k: 3), (63) sindeon, (64) rob1066 (k: 6), (65) Walter, (66) GoGoCactus, (67) steelhorse, (68) Mrs.JP, (69) tomh, (70) mouseninja (k: 2), (71) wheel1 (k: 5), (72) zenyfish (k: 6), (73) reneb, (74) gem400 (k: 6), (75) favouriteslave (k: 2), (76) cmfoggy, (77) alexmuchtar, (78) spot86t, (79) loachy_406 (k: 2), who also notes: "Mine have a lovely 'sheen'.", (80) nooneknows, (81) Simian, (82) bevans (k: 9), who also notes: "Two groups, albino and regular. The regular group spawned three times last year resulting in 40+ fry raised to maturity.", (83) geoffkemp (k: 5), (84) myrheksa (p: 2, k: 10), (85) Loracidlover (k: 3), (86) griffl, (87) Plunt (k: 2), (88) corycat, (89) Pungen (k: 21), (90) San, (91) Rory (k: 2), who also notes: "Started with 4 in 2008, added 2 more a few weeks later. They spawned frequently, but only one fry ever survived the hungry tetras. Him and one female are still around as of January 2012. The others succumbed to old age throughout 2011", (92) knusperfunk (k: 6), (93) SalmonAfrica, (94) kurtg (p: 3), (95) Lyssa (k: 3), (96) wardcorp (k: 3), (97) DrunkenPanda (k: 11), (98) CubCariboo (k: 3), (99) canuckgirleh, (100) SOBERKITTY (k: 2), (101) KnaveTO, (102) kellygirl (k: 2), (103) rayrich (k: 13), (104) kubastanik, (105) buckinbroncobaby (k: 2), (106) GixxerBabe, (107) JayC (k: 6), (108) kabaltah (k: 25), (109) nmonks (k: 7), (110) iam1ru12 (k: 3), (111) koter73, (112) mgamer20o0, (113) chalkvandam, (114) ikkle_darlin, (115) speedy231278 (k: 4), (116) apisto-nut, (117) Kampfer, (118) Ursus sapien (k: 7), who also notes: "Has larger spawns in cooler water (19C - 22C)Deposits small number of eggs on java fern (~5). Avid egg eater.", (119) paul b 76 (k: 2), (120) le_fish, (121) CatsandFish (k: 2), (122) Nick44 (k: 4), who also notes: "1 Hi Fin Male, 1 Normal Female, 1 Albino Juvenile, 1 Albino Hi Fin Juvenile ", (123) Ava (p: 2), (124) Kula, (125) tophat665 (p: 2, k: 5), who also notes: "Kept in a 33 gallon flatback hex with a shcool of rummies. Managed to breed while I had 6 festivums in there.", (126) Khalid (p: 2), (127) Chrispbacon, (128) xander (k: 2), (129) AlaskanCorydoras (k: 8), who also notes: "A very pretty looking cory, more diurnal than most, and quite active. Larger than average as well.
", (130) EagleC (k: 6), (131) GT_ERE95 (k: 2), (132) GABear, (133) JoJo3131 (k: 3), (134) kiwiplymouth (k: 26), (135) shaunypoo (k: 5), who also notes: "Moved to 10 gallon breeding tank", (136) Segelkaerpfling (k: 10), (137) andycapdnz (k: 6), (138) Nitro Cory, (139) I_Xeno (k: 3), (140) EdieBird, (141) arzerkle, (142) L number Banana (k: 11), (143) pbyrley, (144) crosfyter (p: 2), (145) royaldragoness (k: 2), (146) andy75, (147) fantonac, (148) OldMan (k: 6), (149) Telemin, (150) JustKia (k: 5), who also notes: "Spawning pair, plus one other female.", (151) coheedandcambriarules (k: 7), (152) crylautre, (153) KTLM (k: 2), (154) blaqksotu16 (k: 5), (155) angelhologram, (156) corymkl (p: 2), (157) Xplode (k: 20), (158) wonderdognc, (159) dalexander (k: 3), (160) Csababá, (161) Greg Curtis, (162) francistrus, (163) antonm, (164) Fred T. Washington, (165) CD90au, (166) sampster5000, (167) ucdxmisty, (168) wschug, (169) Void (k: 5), (170) elle_1313, (171) stuart henson (k: 4), (172) aarnes (k: 6), (173) Patzee (k: 4), (174) vega77 (k: 4), (175) Kyleonfire (k: 5), who also notes: "Hardy, active, fun to watch.", (176) catmar, (177) Big Mike (k: 13), (178) Back (k: 2), who also notes: "Two left from a bigger schoal of about 16", (179) barneybulldog, (180) inkyjenn (k: 3), (181) DazSH (k: 2), (182) Zzyzx85, (183) fishpimpin, (184) WhiteLomu (k: 5), (185) suntsu69 (k: 45), (186) coelacanth, (187) lhafvens, (188) markhinch, (189) Heather2128, (190) PeterUK (k: 3), (191) ocnluv13 (k: 2), (192) Djthomas, (193) steveh28 (k: 8), (194) stuart264 (k: 6), (195) crabman71, (196) Rainyfly, (197) matti2uude (k: 5), who also notes: "Hi fin variety", (198) MIX02U (k: 7), (199) fleshgear, (200) Dalek Tzet (k: 4), (201) Tony, (202) bas44, (203) oli (k: 54), (204) Avinitlarge (k: 5), (205) Angelface23 (k: 6), (206) cichlidman16yearsold (k: 8), who also notes: "got a small group form a friend", (207) TheFishGuy (p: 3), (208) Nabobmob1, (209) Lizeurd, (210) Nuno Mendes (k: 2), (211) highoctane500 (k: 2), (212) jefflamb (k: 20), (213) percyplec, (214) fishmanbill (k: 4), (215) Mezel, (216) christiansen (k: 11), (217) vibaldi, (218) nasdaq77, (219) jp11biod, (220) Mowin (k: 6), (221) FishandFire, (222) dave.h, (223) aquaoahu, (224) d3n2 (k: 3), (225) jenniebean (k: 3), (226) matt836, (227) andysfishhouse, (228) Thoth (k: 5), (229) tetra&catman, (230) hankinswood, (231) jimlaroche83 (k: 2), (232) brianmc, (233) bbdean04 (p: 2), (234) SHEAG (k: 5), (235) arapaimag (k: 8), (236) tomr (k: 7), (237) clownbarb1, (238) Luis.Ventura, (239) Black_flys (k: 2), (240) JamesStuddart, (241) wabisabigirl, (242) Sam (k: 5), (243) nerdoutlaw (p: 2, k: 3), (244) financialfoodie (p: 2, k: 5), who also notes: "These are the first (and so far only) fish I've intentionally and successfully spawned. This pair is the "happy" couple. Abbott & Costello.", "These are the offspring of the pair in my community tank. Had more but gave a few to a friend, and sold a few. Only three remaining.", (245) Starfish42 (k: 2), who also notes: "Last survivors from a larger group. Used to spawn regularly, sometimes found fry inside the filter!", (246) catfishrock!, (247) KansasGuppyGuy (k: 45), (248) clydeboy, (249) rmc (k: 15), (250) This Old Spouse, (251) Crazysosa, who also notes: "Super Lively, And Bottomless Pit!", (252) minkweir, (253) TimWheatley (k: 8), (254) backstreetgambler (k: 11), (255) tonfield48, (256) Donaldm (k: 6), (257) natteheks, (258) donpetty (k: 4), who also notes: "Added: Hi Fin Albinos", (259) plecusmaximus10 (k: 2), (260) bigamefish, (261) monoxide46 (k: 4), (262) slayer5590, (263) madtundra, (264) TankGirl, (265) GouldyUK, (266) Darren Balch, (267) pel, (268) archaquatics, (269) kitty2234 (k: 5), (270) Matthijs (k: 8), (271) Cory-PlecoLover (k: 3), (272) bluefish1, (273) crusnik (k: 22), (274) Hoyo12, (275) Csquared87 (k: 8), who also notes: "Awesome little fish! Growing like weeds!
Update May 2012: Apparently old enough to spawn now...and WON'T STOP! I collected the first batch of eggs I noticed. All 23 hatched and are doing well. I see eggs on the glass every week after I add new water. I've tried to keep the temp close to the tanks but still they spawn :(", (276) Gsneufeld, (277) Arlington, (278) plecolee, (279) mani29 (k: 19), (280) Ronja, (281) jtpleco, (282) slimrs, (283) markmoten (k: 5), (284) Vess, (285) gossei, (286) ChristianS (k: 18), (287) paleatus (k: 7), (288) FerocactusLatispinus, who also notes: "Pepper's a really quick grower! His left, dorsal maxillary barbel is BRANCHED; look at the above pic! He is the only one of the 5 corys that swims to and along the surface edges of the tank, gulping down air/food at any time.", (289) rcjkirk, (290) Woodza73 (k: 3), who also notes: "Originally group of 4", (291) KitWitty (k: 2), (292) DGR1980 (k: 3), (293) Laura, (294) len.weideman (k: 5), (295) sailor247, (296) dav (k: 12), (297) technogeek (k: 6), (298) Laelori, (299) sophiecat (k: 3), (300) estherevans, (301) Miss-Pepper (k: 8), (302) wirikwiri, (303) Herbsti, (304) corycrazy, (305) thereverendturtle (k: 2), (306) andersonpe (p: 2), (307) andyC, (308) Syno12, (309) Misiak (k: 5), (310) Ysori (k: 5), (311) welsh_kai_boy (k: 2), (312) darr3ll, (313) lurch1000 (k: 2), (314) AlphaWolf1995, (315) Shaddex (p: 2, k: 10), (316) botguy13, (317) crazyjock (k: 3), (318) keig0006 (p: 2, k: 10), (319) Madtundra01, (320) MrsJP, (321) amacintosh (k: 6), (322) reesa-rick, (323) betyvoop, (324) FishyMama, (325) dragonstyle (k: 5), (326) kwalker, (327) dutchessfishgeek, (328) Leeloo_Minai, (329) Stefanus, (330) duxallinarow, (331) p44236. Click on a username above to see all that persons registered catfish species. You can also view all "my cats" data for this species. |
| Breeding Reports | (1) Hoyo12 (b: 33), (2) kwalker (b: 30), (3) TimWheatley (b: 25), (4) backstreetgambler (b: 13), (5) Csquared87 (b: 13), (6) Gsneufeld (b: 13), (7) Vess (b: 13), (8) bbdean04 (b: 1), (9) Dalek Tzet (b: 1). |
| Articles |
- Shane's World Catfishology The Catfish Basics Series, Pt 9 - An Attempt to Spawn On Demand |
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| Last Update | 2010 Apr 21 14:13 (species record created: 2001 Apr 30 00:00) |
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