How to handle & transport fish while reducing stress
Posted: 09 Jul 2015, 05:45
Aupérin, B., & Baroiller, J.-F. 2015. Teleost Fish Handling and Transport under Reduced Stress Conditions. In, Fish Cytogenetic Techniques: Ray-Fin Fishes and Chondrichthyans (edited by Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, Eva Pisano, Fausto Foresti, & Lurdes Foresti de Almeida Toledo), pp. 1-10. CRC Press, Boca Ratan, FL. ISBN 9781482211993.
This is a chapter in a book.PRINCIPLES
With over 32,000 species, teleost fish have adapted to a tremendous range of aquatic habitats. At least 200 of them are used for aquaculture all over the world and even more are handled and transported for the ornamental fish market, as well as for bait or research purposes, including cytogenetic studies.
Scientific information on stress induced by handling and transport of the fish is very scarce, especially concerning wild species. Technical journals refer to random investigations carried out only once, and therefore these results can only give some initial ideas of the problem. Anyway, attention to the quality of the packaging and transport certainly decreases mortality. Schütz (2003) showed that transport mortality was significantly higher for non-CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) species than for CITES ones for mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians possibly because of greater care in handling CITES animals during transport, since public authorities pay closer attention to these species.
Fish transport can be divided into four steps: 1) capture, 2) loading, 3) shipment management and 4) recovery. Sensitivity of fish to these different steps differs greatly according to the species: for example, initial capture and loading appear to be very stressful for salmonids rather than the transport itself (Barton et al. 1980; Specker and Schreck 1980). Transport per se is stressful for carp (Svobodova et al. 1999).
APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
Before proceeding to any fish shipment from one site to another, especially for wild species, it is necessary to be informed of the latest specific modalities for access and transfer of fish species (licences, authorizations, veterinary certificates, quarantines...) according to the specific conservation, sanitary and transportation rules of the two countries (country of origin and final destination).
Fish's needs for water quality are dependent upon the species: Carps, tilapias or catfish can survive levels of oxygen deficit and suspended solids that would be lethal for salmonids.
Although it is difficult to generalize optimal conditions, we will give some basic principles here as a guideline.