Oscar A. Shibatta, Lucas R. Jarduli, Vitor P. Abrahão & Lenice Souza-Shibatta. (2021). Phylogeny of the Neotropical Pacman catfish genus Lophiosilurus (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae). Neotrop. ichthyol., 19 (4).
is a monotypic genus represented by L. alexandri, a species endemic to the São Francisco river basin, Brazil. In previous phylogenetic analyses, the genus has been recovered as the sister group of
. However, few species of Cephalosilurus or few characters were included in those studies. Thus, the current study aims to test the monophyletic hypothesis of the genera Lophiosilurus and Cephalosilurus with a more comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, including all Cephalosilurus species and a representative number of characters. Phylogenetic analyses of 18 terminal taxa (15 ingroups and three outgroups) were conducted based on a combined 75 character matrix, including 70 discrete morphological characters concerning osteology and neuroanatomy, four continuous characters, and the geometric morphometry of the head. The monophyly of the family Pseudopimelodidae was highly supported, and Cephalosilurus is synonymized with Lophiosilurus. The recovered phylogeny of the genus was (L. albomarginatus (L. nigricaudus (L. apurensis (L. fowleri, L. alexandri)))).
FIGURE 1 | Geographic distribution of Lophiosilurus species. Lophiosilurus apurensis, MZUEL 6492, 189.7 mm SL, Apure river basin, Venezuela; L. nigricaudus, INPA 21632, 58.1 mm SL, Sipaliwini river basin, Suriname; L. albomarginatus, ROM 61336, 88.4 mm SL, Tukeit river basin, Guyana; L. alexandri, MZUEL 5377, 157.8 mm SL, São Francisco river basin, Brazil; L. fowleri, FMNH 54254, holotype, 301.4 mm SL, São Francisco river basin, Brazil.
FIGURE 12 | Resampled tree (CI = 63; RI = 76; length (best score) = 148.87) of Pseudopimelodidae derived from combined 75 characters matrix data set, with synapomorphies above and support values (symmetric resampling) under the branches. Pseudopimelodidae subfamilies names according to Silva et al., (2021).