My brain tells me I ought to understand it, but all I can make out is a Geordie arguing with a laryngitic German over a bad telephone line. It's odd but it does seem as if understanding between languages can be asymmetric. Danish is closely related to Swedish, and danes I've talked to say they unde...

Shane wrote:Unfortunately no.

I suspected as much, self-study is in general much less effective than teacher-led study.

To the best of my knowledge neither otos nor corys are particularly nocturnal animals. Certainly all I've had seemed to be active during the day. I second the suggestion to put some sort of free-swimming fish in the aquarium - some small tetras, or pehaps guppies, it doesn't really matter what as lo...

German, Kiswahili, and Bahasa are all 30 week courses. Now you're making me feel woefully inadequate - I studied German for three years (though only a few hours per week), and while I can read German just fine my writing and speaking is roughly on the level of Google Translate. I just can't seem to...

Frankly, if I compare English with Spanish, Spanish is much easier in spelling and pronuncation --- But yes, English does have a lot of exceptions. But most languages have - for instance, in Dutch, making a plural can be done in 4 or more differnet ways - and each time only 1 is correct Native Swed...

The only effective way to keep the glass clean is by with an alga scraper. Personally I prefer the kind with a razorblade, but many prefer the magnetic ones, and either will do a much better job at keeping the glass clean than any alga-eating fish.

So which species are at immediate risk? Upstream or downstream species? With this first dam in the Xingu - there will be several more - all species in the vicinity of the dam (because their habitat will simply cease to exist) plus all species living in the Big Bend/Volta Grande (because the flow du...

joemc wrote:Sera Nematol

That one was new to me, I searched the net and its active ingredient is emamectin benzoate. Emamectin bensoate is an insecticide, and since it kills all arthropods it's been used to control anchor worms and fish lice, but I did not know it had effect against roundworms.

I rise Tª until 30 º C , and add of metronidazol during 4-5 days.... and there aren´t results.... so yesterday after a 40%change of water, I used Protazol (base of green malaquite) so today i will tell you how is the tank quality.... Malachite green should have effect against white spot. a lot of w...

The worm is probably the roundworm Camallanus , and the recommended treatment is levamisole hydrochloride , although several other antihelminths have apparently worked. Sterazin and praziquantel should have no effect against roundworms, and I have a vague memory that flubenol is only effective if in...

What have you tried so far? Temperature, salt and metronidazole? Do you have access to formalin? Dosing 37% formalin to a concentration in the tank of 25-50 ppm and repeating this every other day for a week should kill any white spot parasites. Formalin does not appear to be excessively toxic to cat...

Start by sending a cease-and-desist mail to the person maintaining the site, making clear that you're the copyright holder and that you do not want him publishing your photos.

zebra ottos --- are they easily orderd and how hardy are they? also how much can i expect to pay? 1) Yes. 2) Like most otos you may have losses at first, but provided you can give them a suitable environment and get them to eat they're hardy. 3) Do not know normal price in the US, here in europe th...

Yes.

MatsP wrote:The active ingredient in Protazol is Malachite Green, which isn't a "bad" medication for catfish.

Are you sure about this? I was under the impression that malachite green is highly toxic to catfish.

Somileptes is a junior synonym of Canthophrys, although it appears some indian authors either for some reason do not accept this, or are unaware of Kottelat (1998). Cf: Catalog of Fishes or Fishbase.

It can also grow emerged, completely out of the water.

It's a fish from the macrospilus/hoppei group. I am unsure how to separate the different species in that group; even, in fact, if they can be separated.

It's definitely not arnoldi, that is the same species as in the Cat-eLog is still called .

I don't see any reason to think this will not hold. Their morphological analysis agrees with an earlier molecular analysis that the two species in Nannoptopoma are within Hypoptopoma , and not basal but quite far inside - recognizing Nannoptopoma would require splitting Hypoptopoma in to at least fo...

I've been meaning to post something about this since the paper was published. I had completely missed it and only found it due to the "Parotocinclus sp. Nanay Eanea" thread. The "Parotocinclus sp. Nanay Eanea" looked more like what I would have considered a Nannoptopoma than a P...

Nannoptopoma sternoptychum is now Hypoptopoma sternoptychum . Nannoptopoma spectabilis is now Hypoptopoma spectabile . New species Hypoptopoma baileyi, H. brevirostrum, H. muzuspi, H. bianale, H. elongatum, H. machadoi , are missing in the Cat-eLog. Reference: Aquino, A. E. & S. A. Schaefer. 20...

I agree though most of the giant tank builds are very merky and unpleasing. I would have guessed they would be clearer due to the water valume but I guess not. I have yet to see any custom build with clear water. I think it's often a problem with the choice of lighting. The only lamps really capabl...

they actually do better on a low-protein diet. I agree with everything you've said except this. I can't find it now, but there's been at least one study (in the 80's I think) on guppy which found that higher protein diet led to longer lifespan and greater number of offspring. The top performing fee...

Despite these well known problems with NJ, it has been documented empirically several times over, that it performs as well or slightly better than ML and MP For barcoding, a task which ML and MP (and NJ) simply are not designed to do. It is, like you said, a case of being the least-worst at a job i...

We don't actually know what BOLD does, because it has never been documented properly. I have no insider information on that, but I attended a startup conference at Guelph, and the only method of analysis presented was neighbor-joining, with Hebert holding a presentation on its supposed advantages o...

I am not a fan of NJ at all (or any tree-based method for ID for that matter), and only included it to reflect how poorly it performs (see below). Ah. I thought it was because that's what BOLD decided to use; BOLD in turn decided to use it partly because they appear to have been unaware of its draw...

Congratulations!

The odd one out isn't the mottled guy on the alga wafer, but the guy behind him. Check the lateral pigment line and tail spot. You've got three fish of the macrospilus/hoppei group, while the center-back fish is a member of the vittatus/vestitus group. If you check the mottled one has the same patte...

I have now obtained and read the Lehmann et al. paper. In it they describe the species Otocinclus mangaba from the Madeira basin, which can be separated from O. macrospilus and O. hoppei by the lack of a ventral series of plates (if you look at the belly of most otos you find three "rows" ...

The reason most people ignore seasonality in their aquaria is clear enough: it's extra work, and not necessary for the well-being of the fish. Seasons are not necessary for keeping fish. However, most fish require specific environmental cues to breed . Breeding any species is entirely a matter of co...