To me 60 cm size would be a 60 * 30 *30 cm tank. However a 50 * 40 * 40 cm tank does contain more water (80 L instead iof 54) which would seam to e bertter. However for territorial fishes, or ones that like to swim length is more important than liters. So yes, sometimes length is sufficient informat...

Once I changed water, nothing special iI do that more often, and the amount was also normal. But what was not normal was, that an hour later half my headstanders - 3 of the 7 Laemolyta taeniata and 5 of the 9 Abramites hypselonotus started tolling in the tank. I lost them all Had I been away, this w...

Groups always do better. In some species males need competition in order to even try. In others, the group helps the fishes to feel at home In a tank, we always select on the ability to adapt to life in a tank. Some do better than others, and if you start with more, chances are much better you have ...

As far as I know, Pangasius are unlike any other fish. So it will be very hard indeed to find something similar. Free swimming catfish are extremely rare, and most often found in areas where you find lots of catfish. The bottom is their preferred place, but some might leave the bottom, if competitio...

I would start to wonder at 70 cm or 25 inches, indeed

The arguments are that a bare bottom is easier to claen, but a saubstrated one reduces stress. I personally think less stress will increase growth, and make the fish hardier against any disease. You won't be surprized I use sustrate. In fact I even use plants and rlittle stones to reduce stress - bu...

In the Netherlands Siluris glanis, native, is protected. I always assumed it was native all over Europe, but apparently it is not. This way, it can be an invasive species in Italy - only one day driving away.

As water of 4 C is the most heavy there is, the bottom of your pond will remain @ 4 C in the coldest of a normal winter with this depth. Still 4 C will be found Not many fishes are imported from southern South America, but perhaps you could be luckey with fishes from north America. Further I would r...

While Corydoras sterbai is said to be amongst the Corys with the most potens venom, ist is harmless for people. still, cleaning the rocks every other day is far too much cleaning. That would stress any fish. The rocks might gget a greenish blush, which will help getting the water good. But even if t...

With regard to reselling these fishes, chances are one could face a patent lawsuit in such a case for selling fry. However, it could be one is free to sell the original bought fishes. In Europa, if one would buy a patented product, one is free to resell it. But not copy it. The legal status for offs...

As far as I know, they are legal in the USA, but forbidden in the EU. And I would not know about other parts of the world. Still, legal or not, they are manmade fish with an ethical aspect. I dislike them, but I'll try to remain as neutral as possible here. Do we have special entries for albino Cory...

Dear Kiwidu This happened between 1997 and 1999 - I was livinmg in those yerar in a place where this happend, therefore I can name the years. I did not note anything special, and the fish were fed daily. However, I never fed the Platydoras at night, it was always during the day. And perhaps - I real...

Mine were always rounded and lived for some 27 years. I don't think thewrefore a round belly is harmfull to them in any way. They can surprize their keeper. I once had them combined with some 30 male platys (Xiphopphorus maculatus I mean) which went well, untill it did not: One morning they were all...

The only solution is to replace it.

The line is broken and therefore the temperature will not kind of accurately de shown.

As sheat-fish is an unknown word for me, I tried google translater with it,

I got meerval, which is Dutch for catfish

So, apparently sheat-fish must be a synonime for catfish in English. But that does not explain why a sheat-fish, to me that is a fish in or with a sheat, would be a catfish.

No. S multipunctatus comes from Lake Tanganyica, and that is a very large lake, with a constant pH, for eages constant. In other words, fishes from that lake will not be very tolerant in matters of pH, temperature (should be 24 C (~75 F), not the 27 C (80 F) your Heros severum requires) feeding (Her...

I've had 3 P armatulus for some 28 years, combined with central American cichlids. When I got them, in 1988, I had a problem with the fish foord being course, and the cichlids spoiled quite a lot. So I needed a cleaner. These cichlids sometimes hjurt each other, and salt is a good cure helping them ...

In most non tropical species day length is very important, that is, the results of this study mostly confirm what one would expect.

Nice.

Adult P. atherinoides have the strongly projecting upper jaw and exposed teeth you see in P. khavalchor , which led me to think that all Pachypterus are scale-eaters. I feel like lepidophagy would not be as bothersome in the wild as the victims would just be passing by and inconvenienced only for a...

I've never read it. Only another 23 years and it'll be out of copyright. :-) Jools I´m aftraid that will take a lot longer. In the EU, copyright is 70 years - starting cxounting after the year the author died. If the author is a legal entity, the counting starts the year after publishing. Now, the ...

When something is generally known amongst fishkeepers, this will noet imply that is scientifically accepted. After all, we could be fooling ourselves. Science requires lots of data, and that is, frankly, quite often boring work. But in order to have some knowledge scietifically published, it needs a...

Nice setup, I tried it myself once. After a while, I got a lot of debreis settling in the caves, in the end I took them down - you might want to have some water flowing though them to prevent this. I would recommend haiving some of the slate standing verically, picture 1 clearly has 1 large area whe...

I had drainage tubes, being some 10 cm diameter. You might want to look at them in France, perhaps they are far less ugly then PVC

I once played host for a group during the summer. The owner came with a set of drainage pipes. The tank may not have looked very beautiful, but it did work. I would not suggest making a 1400 l tank ugly, but you might be able to put in a few pipes or so, and than cover the whole up with a few beauti...

The thing is - the continent of South America seems like it has less calcium then Europe does - but fish from outside the Amazon region can withstand higher pH. Corydoras paleatus does come from this area The same goes for Africa and Asia - the rainforrest is more acidic then elswhere. But most expo...

As far as I know, they come from the last part of the Rio Congo, which is contrarily to what one would expect, a fast flowing river. That would imply a lot of current in the tank, with also lots of dissolved oxygen. The Congo will most likely have soft, mildly acidic, water. Say pH 6 to 6.5 and hard...

Once I was asked to keep a group of 5 for a friend. I had empty tanks, he decorated the tank, and everything seemed OK. But, not much later 1 swam around without much skin. I put it behind a devider, wondering what had happend. A week later it was recovered much, enough for me to dare putting it int...

Easily - if you have Corydoras paleatus, I know mine are very similar. If you tell me you have R branneri, I need to find out this is a synomine of R quelen, fish I´ve kept. I could tell you how to keep them (most importantly, they do eat smaller fish) Still, the species has a large area, and keepin...

This can be explaind, assuming the parents, most likely brother and sister, are both carriers for this color. In most cases, an unusual color means lack of parts of the normal pattern, and that would mean that breeding a normal one with a olored one, would result in 100 % normal colored offspring, a...

They can live very long. I got mine in 1989 and they died in 2020. That is 31 years later.